datian

Datian refers to a traditional Chinese practice of collecting and utilizing human feces as fertilizer. Historically, especially in agrarian societies, night soil was a vital source of nutrients for crop cultivation. This practice was widespread across China for centuries, contributing significantly to agricultural productivity.

The process involved collecting feces from households and designated collection points. These materials were then typically composted or fermented to reduce pathogens and odors before being applied to fields. Various methods were employed to manage and treat the night soil, ranging from simple storage to more elaborate composting techniques.

In modern China, the practice of using raw or inadequately treated human waste as fertilizer has largely been phased out due to public health concerns, including the potential spread of diseases. The development of chemical fertilizers and improved sanitation systems has led to a decline in datian. While historical records detail its importance, contemporary agricultural practices focus on safer and more controlled fertilization methods. There are ongoing efforts to modernize and safely manage human waste in urban and rural areas, aiming to prevent environmental contamination and protect public health.