daidzeini

Daidzein is an isoflavone, a type of flavonoid, and a phytoestrogen found predominantly in soybeans and other legumes. It is a natural plant compound that can mimic or modulate estrogenic activity in humans, typically acting as a weak agonist with a preference for estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

Chemically, daidzein has the molecular formula C15H10O4 and a characteristic isoflavone skeleton, consisting of two aromatic rings linked to a heterocyclic ring. In plants, it commonly occurs as glycosides, such as daidzin (daidzein 7-O-glucoside). When consumed, plant glycosides are often hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes or gut microbiota to release the aglycone daidzein, which can then be absorbed and metabolized.

Daidzein is one of the major isoflavones found in soy products, alongside genistein. Its bioavailability and biological effects are influenced by intestinal metabolism, including conversion by gut bacteria to equol in a subset of individuals; equol can have stronger estrogenic activity than daidzein itself.

Biological and clinical aspects are the subject of extensive study. In vitro and animal research has documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Human studies on cancer risk, cardiovascular health, bone density, and other outcomes have yielded mixed results, with effects varying by dose, duration, and individual gut microbiota composition. Consequently, while daidzein contributes to the health effects associated with soy consumption, definitive clinical recommendations remain limited.

Uses and safety considerations: daidzein is typically consumed as part of soy foods or soy-derived supplements. As with other phytoestrogens, its effects may differ among individuals, and high-dose supplementation should be approached with caution, particularly for those with hormone-sensitive conditions.