czerwona

Czerwona is the feminine form of the Polish adjective czerwony, meaning red. In Polish grammar, czerwony, czerwona, and czerwone are the masculine, feminine, and neuter forms of the same adjective, used to describe nouns and form color phrases such as czerwona sukienka (red dress) or czerwone jabłka (red apples). The root originates in the Proto-Slavic word *červenъ, and cognates appear in several Slavic languages.

Beyond its role in grammar, czerwona also appears in toponymy as a place name in Poland. There are several villages and settlements named Czerwona across different voivodeships. In such toponyms, the word is not tied to a single universal origin; rather, each locality has its own historical etymology, which may relate to features associated with red color, local materials, or historical circumstances.

In modern usage, czerwona serves as a typical example of how color adjectives function in Polish, agreeing with the gender and number of the nouns they modify. It also illustrates how ordinary descriptive words can become proper names in geographical contexts.