czerwony

Czerwony is the Polish adjective for the color red and denotes hues in the visible spectrum that are typically described as red. It is one of the basic colors used in everyday language, design, and art. The noun form czerwień refers to the redness itself or to vermilion pigments, and forms the basis for related color terms such as czerwony, czerwony, and czerwoności.

Etymology and related forms: Czerwony derives from the noun czerwień, meaning redness or vermilion, which in turn traces to an old Slavic root associated with red hues and pigments. The word is cognate with color terms of other Slavic languages that denote red in various contexts, though historical shifts have produced different modern forms (for example, Polish czerwony versus other Slavic terms for red).

Usage and symbolism: Czerwony is a common descriptive color in Polish, occurring in everyday speech and design. It carries a range of symbolic associations, including warmth, passion, danger, and alertness. In national symbolism, red is a prominent component of the Polish flag, which features white and red. In language, czerwony appears in common phrases and idioms describing objects or situations that are red in color.

Grammar: As an adjective, czerwony changes for gender and number: masculine singular czerwony, feminine singular czerwona, neuter singular czerwone; plural forms include czerwoni (masculine personal) and czerwone (other plural). It combines with nouns to specify red-colored objects, e.g., czerwony samochód (red car), czerwona róża (red rose), czerwone jabłka (red apples).