cyanobaktériumszármazékú

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a phylum of photosynthetic bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. Unlike plants, they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, classifying them as prokaryotes. These microorganisms are among the oldest life forms on Earth, with fossil records dating back over 3.5 billion years, and played a crucial role in shaping the planet’s early atmosphere by producing oxygen through photosynthesis.

Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in various environments, including freshwater, marine systems, and even terrestrial habitats like soil and rocks. They can thrive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, salinity, and pH levels, making them highly adaptable. Some species form symbiotic relationships with other organisms, such as lichens, cycads, and corals, contributing to nutrient cycling and ecological stability.

While many cyanobacteria are harmless, certain species produce toxins that can be harmful to humans and animals. These toxins, known as cyanotoxins, may cause liver damage, neurological issues, or skin irritation upon exposure. Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria, often triggered by nutrient pollution in water bodies, can pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health.

Cyanobacteria are also of interest in biotechnology and sustainable energy research. Their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and produce oxygen makes them valuable for bioremediation and biofuel production. Additionally, some strains are being explored for their potential in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications due to their bioactive compounds.