cyanids

Cyanids are a class of chemical compounds containing the cyano group, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. This group, represented by the formula CN, is often found in organic molecules and inorganic salts. Organic cyanids, also known as nitriles, are characterized by the CN group being attached to a hydrocarbon chain. Examples include acetonitrile and benzonitrile. Inorganic cyanids typically involve metal cations bonded to the cyanide anion, CN-. Common examples include potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.

The cyanide ion (CN-) is a highly toxic anion. Its toxicity arises from its ability to bind strongly to iron atoms, interfering with cellular respiration. This blockage prevents cells from using oxygen, leading to rapid damage and potentially death. The toxicity of cyanids varies depending on the specific compound and the route of exposure. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a volatile gas, is extremely poisonous.

Cyanids have various applications in industry. They are used in mining for the extraction of gold and silver, in electroplating, and in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Historically, cyanids have also been used in chemical warfare. Due to their high toxicity, handling and disposal of cyanid compounds are subject to strict regulations. Accidental exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Antidotes are available and can be life-saving if administered quickly after exposure.