cryoprotektaattien

Cryoprotectaattien, commonly known as cryoprotectants, are substances that help prevent damage to biological tissues during freezing. They work by reducing the formation of ice crystals, which can otherwise puncture cell membranes and disrupt cellular function. Cryoprotectants achieve this by increasing the solute concentration in the solution, lowering the freezing point, and essentially vitrifying the solution, turning it into a glass-like solid rather than a crystalline ice structure.

Commonly used cryoprotectants include glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and various sugars like trehalose. These compounds are often used in conjunction with each other to achieve optimal protection. The concentration and type of cryoprotectant used depend heavily on the specific cell type or tissue being preserved. For example, sperm, eggs, embryos, and certain microorganisms are routinely preserved using cryoprotective agents.

The process of cryopreservation involves carefully adding the cryoprotectant to the biological material, slowly cooling it to a very low temperature (typically -80°C or -196°C in liquid nitrogen), and then thawing it under controlled conditions. While cryoprotectants are essential for successful long-term storage of biological samples, they can also exhibit some toxicity at higher concentrations or prolonged exposure times. Therefore, careful optimization of the cryopreservation protocol is crucial.