cryobiopsys

Cryobiopsys is a medical sampling concept that uses cryogenic freezing to obtain tissue for histological analysis. The term most commonly used is cryobiopsy; cryobiopsys appears in some contexts as a plural form or variant spelling. In practice, the technique involves inserting a cryoprobe to the target tissue through an endoscope or other access route. The probe tip is cooled by expanding gas or circulating cryogenic agents, freezing the tissue so it adheres to the probe. The frozen sample is then withdrawn with the probe, yielding a tissue specimen that is typically larger and better preserved than conventional forceps biopsies.

Applications of cryobiopsys include interventional pulmonology for diagnosing interstitial lung diseases via transbronchial cryobiopsy, as well as mucosal sampling in gastrointestinal endoscopy and targeted tissue collection in hepatology and oncology settings. The larger, well-preserved specimens can facilitate histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing, potentially improving diagnostic yield in select diseases.

Advantages of cryobiopsys over traditional biopsy methods include reduced tissue crush artifacts and the ability to obtain bigger samples that maintain architectural features. This can enhance diagnostic confidence and allow for more comprehensive ancillary testing.

Risks and limitations include procedure-related bleeding and, depending on the target site, the possibility of pneumothorax or other complications. The technique requires specialized equipment and trained operators. Case selection and careful handling of specimens are important to maximize safety and diagnostic value.

Historically, cryobiopsy methods gained prominence in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with growing adoption in clinical guidelines and practice recommendations aimed at standardizing technique and reporting.