crispatus

Crispatus is a Latin-derived taxonomic epithet used in the scientific names of several organisms, most notably Lactobacillus crispatus, a species of lactic acid bacteria that colonizes human mucosal surfaces. The epithet crispatus, meaning curled or crested in Latin, is commonly employed to denote a characteristic feature observed in some members of the species.

Taxonomy and naming

Lactobacillus crispatus belongs to the domain Bacteria, phylum Firmicutes, and family Lactobacillaceae. It is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rod that grows under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions and ferments carbohydrates to lactic acid. The genus Lactobacillus comprises numerous species that are important residents of human-associated microbial communities.

Biology and ecology

L. crispatus is a major constituent of the healthy vaginal microbiota in many individuals, where it contributes to an acidic environment through lactic acid production. Some strains also produce hydrogen peroxide, which can provide an additional antimicrobial effect. While most commonly associated with the vagina, related lactobacilli can be found in other mucosal sites and the gastrointestinal tract. In the vaginal ecosystem, L. crispatus often coexists with other lactobacilli and helps maintain a stable, Lactobacillus-dominated community.

Clinical and health significance

Abundance of L. crispatus is frequently associated with vaginal health and a lower risk of bacterial vaginosis and related complications. Reduced levels have been linked to higher susceptibility to infections and adverse obstetric outcomes in some studies. Because of its association with a healthy microbiota, L. crispatus is investigated as a candidate for probiotic therapies aimed at restoring or sustaining mucosal health, though clinical outcomes can vary.

See also

Lactobacillus, vaginal microbiota, bacterial vaginosis