crinolines

Crinolines are a type of undergarment or frame designed to give a skirt a full, bell-shaped silhouette. The term originally derives from crin, the horsehair used to stiffen fabrics, and later came to refer to the stiffened understructure itself. Crinolines can describe both the early stiffened petticoats and the later cage-like hoop systems that support a wide outer skirt.

The crinoline era began in the mid-19th century, popularized in Europe and the United States. Early versions used horsehair or cane to reinforce multiple layers of fabric, creating volume without heavy padding. By about 1856–1860, lightweight steel hoops formed a cage crinoline that distributed the weight around the hips, allowing skirts to widen dramatically at the hem. This cage style became the dominant silhouette of the decade and defined fashionable dress through the 1860s.

Construction and appearance varied, with hoop materials including steel, cane, or a combination, all enclosed in fabric. Crinolines influenced dressmaking, social norms, and movement, as the extreme skirts required careful handling and affected everything from seating to doorways.

Decline began in the late 1860s and 1870s as the bustle silhouette grew in prominence, shaping skirts more at the back than around the hem. By the 1880s, crinolines had largely given way to bustle-focused garments, though some fabric stiffening and supportive petticoats persisted in fashion and in historical costume.

Today, crinolines are chiefly associated with 19th-century fashion and are used in period costuming and historical study.