courier

A courier is a person or organization responsible for delivering messages, documents, or parcels. Couriers can operate as individuals, or as part of a specialized courier company or a branch of a larger postal or logistics operator. They typically provide door-to-door service, with options ranging from standard to same-day or express delivery. Modern couriers use tracking numbers, electronic proof of delivery, and mobile apps to manage dispatch and confirm receipt.

Couriers may handle various types of items: legal documents, medical samples, valuable goods, or general parcels. Security and insurance are important for high-value or sensitive shipments. International couriers coordinate with customs and use established networks to move goods across borders; domestic couriers may rely on regional hubs and fleets.

Typical operations include pickup, sorting or consolidation at hubs, route planning, and last-mile delivery. Fleet may include bicycles, motorcycles, cars, vans, or trucks, depending on geography and service level. Companies may employ independent contractors or own their fleet. The industry has grown with e-commerce, leading to a proliferation of same-day and next-day options.

The term courier derives from French and Latin roots and has long been used for runners delivering messages; in modern times, the courier business emerged in parallel with postal services and parcel express operators.

Major global players include DHL, FedEx, UPS, and regional operators; in many markets, courier services operate alongside national postal services.