counterexpertise

Counterexpertise is the process of producing expert analysis that challenges, complements, or seeks to correct the conclusions offered by established experts. It is common in legal proceedings, regulatory reviews, environmental assessments, public health debates, and scientific discourse where technical claims influence policy. Counterexpertise can be undertaken by independent researchers, consulting firms, advocacy groups, or affected stakeholders who possess relevant expertise or access to data and methods.

Methods include critical appraisal of methods, reanalysis of datasets, replication efforts, alternative models or assumptions, and the presentation of new evidence. It may involve formal procedures such as amicus curiae briefs, expert witness testimony, or commissioned reports. The practice aims to improve decision-making by ensuring that multiple credible viewpoints are considered, especially when there is significant societal risk or high uncertainty.

Critics argue that counterexpertise can be seized by vested interests, leading to strategic misinformation or delay. Its legitimacy depends on transparency about funding, methodological rigor, independence, and adherence to standards of evidence. In supportive contexts, counterexpertise expands participatory governance by incorporating diverse expertise and lay knowledge into deliberation.

Related concepts include epistemic authority, boundary-work between science and policy, and intersubjective validation. While not a substitute for consensus, well-founded counterexpertise can reveal gaps, biases, or alternative interpretations that inform more robust conclusions.