costimaculata

*Costimaculata* is a genus of small, freshwater snails with an operculum, belonging to the family Hydrobiidae. These snails are primarily found in the freshwater ecosystems of the Mediterranean region, particularly in Italy, where they inhabit streams, rivers, and lakes. The name *Costimaculata* derives from the Latin words *costa* (meaning "rib" or "ridge") and *maculata* (meaning "spotted"), referring to the distinctive markings and shell structure of the species within this genus.

The shells of *Costimaculata* snails are typically small, ranging from 3 to 10 millimeters in length, and exhibit a conical or ovate shape. Their shells are often translucent or semi-translucent, allowing the internal structures to be faintly visible. The surface may feature fine growth lines, spiral ridges, and small, dark spots or markings, which contribute to their taxonomic identification. The operculum, a hard structure that seals the shell when the snail retracts, is a key characteristic of this genus.

Species within *Costimaculata* play a role in aquatic ecosystems as detritivores, feeding on organic matter and contributing to nutrient cycling. They are sensitive to environmental changes, making them useful indicators of water quality in their habitats. Due to their small size and specialized ecological niche, these snails are not commonly encountered in aquarium trade or commercial fisheries but are of interest to malacologists (specialists in the study of mollusks).

Conservation efforts for *Costimaculata* species are generally not a major focus, as they are not typically threatened on a broad scale. However, habitat degradation, pollution, and invasive species can impact local populations. Research on these snails often centers on taxonomy, distribution, and their role in freshwater biodiversity.