converblike

Converblike refers to non-finite verbal forms or constructions whose function is similar to converbs described in linguistic literature. These forms attach to a main clause to express adverbial subordination without introducing a fully finite verb of their own. They occur in a variety of languages and may be morphologically distinct or built from ordinary verb stems using participial or gerundive patterns.

In many languages, converblike forms are non-finite and do not carry independent tense, mood, or full subject agreement; they may share the subject with the main clause or indicate a different participant. They often function to link actions or circumstances to the main verb, without a separate subordinate clause. For example, a converblike form can express simultaneity, sequence, or instrumental means: He spoke, smiling; She left, whispering a goodbye.

Functions commonly associated with converblike forms include sequential actions (one action following another), simultaneity (two actions occurring at the same time), instrument or means (by X), purpose, and manner. The exact interpretation can depend on the language and the specific form used.

Typologically, converblike constructions are analyzed differently across languages. Some descriptions treat them as a dedicated non-finite clause type with its own morphological markers, while others see them as a syntactic strategy for subordination that uses participial or other non-finite forms. The category is thus shaped by language-specific morphosyntax and historical development, rather than a universal single form.