contanti

Contanti is the Italian term for physical money, comprising coins and banknotes issued by a central bank or monetary authority. In everyday use, contanti are used for payments and are generally treated as legal tender within the issuing country. They form part of the money supply and remain a common means of exchange for retail transactions.

As a medium of exchange, contanti enable immediate settlement between buyer and seller without the need for electronic infrastructure. They also function as a store of value and a unit of account, especially for small or impromptu purchases. The use of contanti is valued for immediacy, anonymity, and the absence of transaction fees, but carries risks such as loss or theft and exposure to counterfeiting. Handling, transporting, and safeguarding cash can be costly for both individuals and businesses, and large cash holdings are harder to audit or track.

Regulation of contanti is linked to broader monetary policy and law enforcement. Many jurisdictions require reporting or prohibit large cash transactions to combat money laundering and tax evasion. While central banks monitor levels of cash in circulation and maintain security features on notes and coins, policy varies by country. In recent years, many economies have seen a shift toward digital payments, reducing the relative share of contanti, though cash remains widely used in others, particularly for small businesses, rural areas, or populations with limited access to banking.