connexin37

Connexin37, also known as CX37 or GJA4, is a protein encoded by the GJA4 gene in humans. This protein is a member of the connexin family, which are integral membrane proteins that form gap junctions. Gap junctions are channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the passage of small molecules and ions.

Connexin37 is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells, particularly in the lining of blood vessels. It plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, regulating blood flow, and influencing vascular development. Its presence in the endothelium suggests a function in cell-to-cell communication within the vascular wall, which is important for processes like smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation, and the maintenance of endothelial barrier function.

Research has indicated that connexin37 is involved in a variety of physiological processes. It has been implicated in the regulation of arterial tone, contributing to the control of blood pressure. Furthermore, its role in endothelial cell proliferation and migration suggests involvement in angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Alterations in connexin37 expression or function have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and hypertension, highlighting its significance in vascular health. The precise mechanisms by which connexin37 exerts its functions are still under investigation, but its contribution to intercellular communication in the cardiovascular system is well-established.