conformization

Conformization is a concept used in sociology and political economy to describe the process by which individuals, organizations, and societies modify their norms, practices, or institutions to align with a dominant standard, pattern, or authority. The term emphasizes the active formation of conformity through social, legal, economic, and cultural pressures rather than mere passive compliance. While not as widely used as conformity or standardization, conformization appears in analyses of policy diffusion, global governance, and organizational change.

Mechanisms include formal regulation and enforcement, incentives such as funding or market access, socialization through education and media, and the diffusion of models via international organizations and multinational corporations. Networks and power relations often shape which standards prevail, making conformization a process embedded in unequal relations of influence.

In law and economics, conformization can refer to the harmonization of standards across jurisdictions, such as accounting or product safety rules, to facilitate trade and reduce transaction costs. In technology, it can describe the adoption of interoperability standards or the replication of corporate governance practices across firms. In cultural settings, conformization may reflect the spread of norms through globalization, sometimes leading to homogenization of practices or consumer cultures.

Scholars note that conformization raises questions about plurality and autonomy, potentially diminishing local variations and negotiating space. Critics emphasize asymmetries of power, where powerful actors promote standards that serve their interests. Proponents argue it can increase predictability, efficiency, and inclusivity in global systems.

Related terms include conformity, standardization, homogenization, globalization, and cultural imperialism.