cohesinkomplekset
Cohesin complex, also known as the cohesin complex, is a conserved multi-subunit protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, aids in DNA repair, and contributes to three-dimensional genome organization. The core ring is formed by Smc1 (SMC1A in humans) and Smc3, two long coiled-coil proteins with ATPase heads, together with the kleisin subunit RAD21 (Scc1), which closes the ring by bridging the two head domains. A STAG subunit (SA1/SA2; STAG1/STAG2) associates with RAD21 and stabilizes the complex, giving variants such as cohesin-SA1 and cohesin-SA2.
Assembly and regulation: Cohesin is loaded onto chromosomes by the Scc2–Scc4 loader complex (NIPBL–MAU2 in humans).
Functions: In addition to maintaining cohesion, cohesin promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination by holding sister
Clinical relevance: Mutations in cohesin subunits or regulators cause developmental disorders such as Cornelia de Lange