cofederation

A confederation is a union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action often in relation to other states. Usually each state retains a significant degree of independence, and the central government is relatively weak. The member states delegate certain powers to a central body, but retain ultimate sovereignty. This means that states can often withdraw from the confederation at will. Confederations are often formed for military defense, economic cooperation, or to pursue common foreign policy goals. Examples include the United States under the Articles of Confederation, the Confederate States of America, and Switzerland before 1848. In a confederation, the central authority typically acts as an agent of the member states, rather than having direct authority over individual citizens. The relationship between the member states and the central government is usually defined by a treaty or articles of confederation, which can be amended or terminated by the states. The powers granted to the confederate government are generally limited and specific, with any powers not explicitly delegated remaining with the individual states. This structure contrasts with a federation, where the central government has a more direct relationship with the citizens and possesses broader powers.