cochinealkarmiiniin

Cochineal carmine, referred to in Finnish as cochinealkarmiini, is a natural red pigment derived from the cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius coccus. The pigment originates from carminic acid, a compound produced by the insect, which can be extracted and processed into carmine dye. To improve stability, carmine is often precipitated with metal salts to form carmine lakes, which are water-insoluble pigments used on fabrics and in various applications.

Historically, cochineal dye played a major role in the global dye industry after its introduction to Europe from the Americas in the early modern period. Today, cochineal carmine remains in use as a natural colorant in several industries. It is commonly employed in food and beverages, cosmetics, and some textile applications. In regulatory terms, carmine is designated as a distinct color additive in many markets (often labeled as E120 in foods), with specifications governing its production and use.

In foods and cosmetics, cochineal carmine provides a bright red to crimson hue and is valued for its vivid color and relatively good lightfastness compared with some other natural dyes. Its performance can be affected by pH and processing conditions, and it may interact with other ingredients.

Safety considerations include the potential for allergic reactions in a small subset of individuals, including rare cases of anaphylaxis. Because of this risk, labeling requirements in many jurisdictions mandate disclosure when products contain cochineal or carminic acid. Regulatory status and permissible use can vary by country and product category, and some manufacturers offer alternative colorants for sensitive consumers. See also natural dyes, carmine, Dactylopius coccus.