cloroálcali

The cloroálcali process, also known as the chlor-alkali process, is an industrial method for the electrolysis of brine, a solution of sodium chloride in water. This electrochemical process yields chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) as primary products. These three chemicals are fundamental building blocks for numerous industries.

The electrolysis is typically carried out in three main types of electrolytic cells: diaphragm cells, membrane cells, and mercury cells. Each cell type has distinct advantages and disadvantages regarding energy consumption, product purity, and environmental impact. Membrane cells are generally considered the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, while mercury cells produce high-purity sodium hydroxide but pose environmental concerns due to mercury use.

Chlorine produced by the cloroálcali process is essential for the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), disinfectants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Hydrogen is utilized in ammonia production, hydrogenation of oils, and as a fuel. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base used extensively in pulp and paper manufacturing, textile processing, soap and detergent production, and as a neutralizing agent in various chemical processes. The global demand for these products drives the significant scale of cloroálcali production worldwide.