clonazepám

Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used primarily for seizure disorders and panic disorder. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, enhancing the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and producing anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle-relaxant effects.

Medical uses include the management of certain epilepsy syndromes, such as absence (petit mal) and myoclonic seizures, and it is commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for other seizure types. It is also prescribed for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. In many places, its long-acting profile makes it a option for short- to medium-term symptom control, though clinicians emphasize cautious, time-limited use due to dependence and tolerance risks.

Pharmacokinetically, clonazepam is taken by mouth and reaches peak concentrations within one to four hours. Its elimination half-life ranges from roughly 18 to 50 hours, contributing to its long-lasting effects and potential for accumulation, especially with ongoing use or in older patients.

Adverse effects commonly include drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Other possible effects are cognitive slowing, confusion (particularly in older adults), and, with prolonged use, tolerance and dependence with withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Rare paradoxical reactions such as agitation or aggression can occur. Like other benzodiazepines, it can interact with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants.

Safety considerations include avoiding use during pregnancy unless clearly indicated, and cautious use during breastfeeding. It should be prescribed and supervised by a healthcare professional, with gradual tapering recommended to minimize withdrawal. Clonazepam is a prescription-only medication and is regulated as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions.