cibolero

A cibolero was a bison hunter, primarily active in the Southwestern United States during the Spanish colonial and Mexican periods. The term derives from the Spanish word "cibo," meaning bison or buffalo. Ciboleros were often Hispanic settlers from New Mexico who would travel to the plains to hunt bison, especially during the autumn and winter months when agricultural work was less demanding. They hunted bison for their meat, hides, and tallow, which were valuable commodities for trade and sustenance.

The hunts were typically organized expeditions, often involving groups of men who would travel on horseback. They used lances, bows and arrows, and later firearms to hunt the animals. The vast herds of bison that once roamed the Great Plains provided a rich resource for these hunters. The bison hides were particularly important, used for clothing, shelter, and trade. Tallow was rendered into a fat used for cooking, soap, and candles.

The cibolero tradition played a significant role in the economy and culture of New Mexico for centuries. It connected the settled agricultural communities with the vast natural resources of the plains. The practice declined with the drastic reduction of bison populations in the late 19th century due to overhunting and habitat loss. The legacy of the ciboleros can still be seen in the history and traditions of the region.