ciascuno

Ciascuno is an Italian pronoun and determiner meaning "each one" or "every single one." It refers to individuals within a group or to elements of a set, and it is used to emphasize individuality within a collective. In everyday Italian it can be replaced by "ogni" in many contexts, but "ciascuno" adds a sense of distinctness for each member.

Forms and agreement: masculine singular is "ciascuno," feminine singular "ciascuna." When used before a noun, the form agrees in gender (ciascuno studente, ciascuna studentessa). In the plural, forms "ciascuni" (masc.) and "ciascune" (fem.) exist, but they are relatively uncommon and often avoided in favor of phrases such as "ciascuno dei [partecipanti]" or simply "tutti," depending on context.

Usage notes: It is common in formal writing, instructions, or enumerations. Collocations include "ciascuno di noi" (each of us), "ciascuno studente" (each student), and "ciascuna delle opzioni" (each of the options). It conveys individuality more strongly than the more general "ogni" or "tutti," and it is frequently used to mark a discrete consideration of each member of a group.

See also: ognuno, ogni.