chromiumcontaminated
Chromium contamination refers to the presence of chromium in environmental media such as soil, water, or air at levels that exceed natural background concentrations or regulatory limits. Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, and volcanic emissions. It exists in several oxidation states, with the most common and environmentally significant being trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). While Cr(III) is an essential trace nutrient for humans, Cr(VI) is a known carcinogen and is highly toxic.
Sources of chromium contamination can be both natural and anthropogenic. Natural sources include weathering of chromium-bearing
The presence of chromium contamination can pose risks to human health and ecosystems. Exposure to Cr(VI) can