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Cholestatic hepatitis is a type of liver disease characterized by the obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder and intestines. This condition can be caused by various factors, including gallstones, tumors, or inflammation of the bile ducts. The obstruction leads to the accumulation of bile in the liver, which can cause damage to liver cells and result in inflammation.

Cholestatic hepatitis can present with a range of symptoms, including jaundice, abdominal pain, and fatigue. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and the extent of bile duct obstruction. In some cases, cholestatic hepatitis may be asymptomatic, particularly in the early stages.

Diagnosis of cholestatic hepatitis typically involves a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a procedure called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Blood tests may show elevated levels of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced by the liver, which can indicate liver damage. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans can help visualize the bile ducts and identify any obstructions.

Treatment for cholestatic hepatitis depends on the underlying cause. In cases where gallstones are the primary culprit, surgical removal of the gallbladder or dissolution of the stones may be recommended. For tumors or other obstructions, surgical intervention or other medical treatments may be necessary. In some cases, lifestyle modifications such as a low-fat diet and avoiding alcohol may help manage symptoms and prevent further liver damage.

Prognosis for cholestatic hepatitis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With appropriate management, many individuals with cholestatic hepatitis can recover and return to normal liver function. However, in severe cases, liver transplantation may be required to restore liver function. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to monitor liver function and adjust treatment as needed.