cholecystektomia

Cholecystektomia, or cholecystectomy, is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is most commonly performed to treat symptomatic gallstone disease or gallbladder inflammation.

There are two main approaches: laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which uses several small incisions and a camera, and open cholecystectomy, which requires a larger incision. Laparoscopic is the standard method in most cases.

During the procedure, under general anesthesia, the surgeon identifies the cystic duct and cystic artery, clips and divides them, and removes the gallbladder from the liver bed. The gallbladder is usually extracted through the small incisions; a sample may be sent to pathology. In some situations, conversion to open surgery is needed.

Most patients go home within 24 hours after laparoscopic surgery. Activity typically resumes within one to two weeks. Diet can usually be normal soon after, though some experience temporary changes in digestion.

Risks include infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding structures. Bile duct injury or bile leaks are rare but serious complications. General anesthesia risks apply.

Outcomes and alternatives: The procedure reliably relieves symptoms for most patients. For asymptomatic gallstones, watchful waiting is common. In selected cases, non-surgical management or treatment of bile duct stones with endoscopic methods may be used.