cholangiogram

A cholangiogram is a medical imaging procedure used to visualize the bile ducts within the liver and gallbladder. It is typically performed to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting the bile ducts, such as gallstones, tumors, or strictures. The procedure involves injecting a contrast dye into the bile ducts, which is then visualized using X-ray imaging. There are two main types of cholangiograms: an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and an extracorporeal cholangiogram.

ERCP is the most common type of cholangiogram. It is performed endoscopically, meaning a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the mouth and passed down to the bile ducts. The contrast dye is injected through the tube, and X-rays are taken to visualize the bile ducts. ERCP allows for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as the removal of gallstones or the dilation of strictures.

An extracorporeal cholangiogram, on the other hand, is performed externally, usually after the contrast dye has been injected into a vein in the arm. X-rays are taken to visualize the bile ducts. This type of cholangiogram is less commonly used due to its lower resolution and the need for the patient to remain still during the procedure.

Cholangiograms are generally considered safe, but like any medical procedure, they carry some risks, including allergic reactions to the contrast dye, infection, and complications related to the insertion of the endoscope. The benefits of a cholangiogram typically outweigh the risks, especially when used to diagnose or monitor conditions that could lead to serious complications if left untreated.