chemicalsafety

Chemical safety refers to the practices, rules, and systems used to prevent accidents and health effects from exposure to hazardous substances in workplaces, laboratories, and communities. It covers the entire lifecycle of chemicals, from acquisition and storage to use, transport, and disposal.

Key concepts include hazard identification, risk assessment, and control measures. The goal is to reduce likelihood and severity of harm through a hierarchy of controls: elimination or substitution of hazardous substances, engineering controls such as ventilation and closed processes, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.

Hazard communication relies on standardized labeling and safety data sheets. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) provides criteria for classifying hazards and specific pictograms, warning statements, and precautionary measures that appear on labels and SDSs. Workers should understand exposure limits, safe handling procedures, and emergency steps.

Safe handling and storage practices include segregating incompatible materials, using approved containers, keeping quantities at appropriate levels, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Storage areas should be secure, well labeled, and equipped with spill containment, eyewash stations, and emergency showers. Proper PPE is selected based on the chemical properties and task.

Regulatory frameworks govern labeling, exposure monitoring, training, and transport. In the United States, OSHA standards and the Hazard Communication Standard apply; in the European Union, REACH and CLP regulation align with GHS. Organizations should maintain training records, emergency plans, waste management procedures, and incident reporting to minimize environmental impact and protect workers and the public.