caveecosystem
A cave ecosystem is a distinct, relatively closed biological community found within subterranean habitats, where darkness, stable temperatures, high humidity, and limited inputs of energy shape the structure of life. The abiotic environment includes cave passages, pools, and voids formed by geology and hydrology, with air exchange and mineral deposition affecting chemistry and microhabitats.
Biota in cave ecosystems range from microorganisms and invertebrates to vertebrates, many of which are adapted
Food webs in caves are typically detritus-based, with limited or no photosynthetic production. Movile-like ecosystems illustrate
Cave ecosystems face threats from habitat disturbance, mining, pollution, and excessive tourism. Conservation emphasizes protection of