causaliteitsinference
Causaliteitsinference, or causal inference in English, is the field concerned with determining whether and how one variable causally affects another. It aims to distinguish causation from mere association and to estimate the magnitude of causal effects from data, using both experimental and observational sources. The term is used in Dutch-language literature as well as in international discussions of causal reasoning.
Foundations in causal inference include the potential outcomes framework and structural causal models. The potential outcomes
Common methods span experimental and observational designs. Randomized controlled trials offer high internal validity by random
Applications of causal inference appear in medicine, economics, epidemiology, and public policy. Challenges include unmeasured confounding,