cataractoperation

Cataract operation is a surgical procedure to remove a clouded natural lens (cataract) and replace with an artificial intraocular lens to restore clear vision. It is indicated when a cataract causes significant visual impairment.

The most common method is phacoemulsification with a small corneal incision, where ultrasound energy breaks up the lens before removal and IOL is implanted. Other methods include extracapsular cataract extraction with a larger incision, and laser-assisted cataract surgery. IOL options include monofocal, multifocal, toric for astigmatism, and accommodating designs.

Preoperative assessment includes eye examination, measurement of axial length and corneal curvature to select lens power, and evaluation of eye health. Surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation; topical anesthesia is common. The procedure involves removal of the cloudy lens material and placement of an IOL in the capsular bag. The incision is typically self-sealing.

After surgery, patients use prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and control inflammation, and are advised to avoid heavy lifting and protect the eye. Most people notice improved vision within days to weeks, with gradual stabilization over several weeks. Follow-up visits monitor healing and detect complications.

Risks include infection, inflammation, bleeding, swelling, increased intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, and posterior capsule opacification, which may require a laser procedure years later. Overall, cataract surgery has a high success rate and favorable safety profile.