carminus

Carmine, also known as cochineal, carminic acid, or Natural Red 4, is a vibrant crimson pigment. It is derived from the dried bodies of the female Dactylopius coccus insect, a scale insect native to tropical and subtropical South America and Mexico. The insects are native toopuntia cacti, on which they feed.

The process of producing carmine involves harvesting the insects, drying them, and then extracting the carminic acid. This acid is then precipitated with aluminum or calcium salts to form the pigment. The exact shade of carmine can vary depending on the specific extraction and precipitation methods used, ranging from bright red to deep crimson.

Carmine has a long history of use as a coloring agent. It has been employed in textiles, cosmetics, and food products for centuries. In food, it is often used to color yogurts, candies, beverages, and processed meats. In cosmetics, it provides a natural-looking red hue to lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows. Due to its natural origin, carmine is sometimes preferred by consumers seeking alternatives to synthetic dyes.

While generally considered safe, carmine can cause allergic reactions in a small percentage of individuals. These reactions are typically mild and can manifest as skin irritation or, in rare cases, more severe allergic responses. Consequently, products containing carmine are often labeled accordingly to inform consumers. The use of carmine also raises ethical considerations for some due to its animal origin.