cargotank

Cargotank is a generic term for a container designed to transport liquids or gases in bulk, used on rail and road transportation networks. In rail freight, a cargotank usually refers to a tank car featuring a cylindrical pressure vessel mounted on a wheeled underframe. On road, it can denote either a tanker trailer or a rigid tank. Both forms are built to handle specific commodities under defined temperature and pressure conditions, with capacities that vary widely by design and regulation.

Design and variants include non-pressurized cargo tanks, low-pressure and high-pressure tanks, and cryogenic tanks for very cold liquids. Some cargotanks are insulated or jacketed to minimize heat transfer, preserve product quality, or maintain specific temperatures. For rail cars, features such as internal baffles reduce liquid surge during movement, while external fittings, valves, and manways enable loading, unloading, and access for inspection. Cryogenic and pressurized designs use specialized materials and safety systems to manage extreme temperatures or pressures.

Safety and regulation are central to cargotank operation. Tanks are subject to standards and inspections set by national and international authorities, such as hazmat regulations, pressure relief devices, and corrosion protections. Rail tanks may fall under agencies and associations that govern tank car design, construction, testing, and maintenance, while road tankers follow road transport and hazmat rules in each jurisdiction. Cleaning and product compatibility are crucial when changing contents to prevent cross-contamination and ensure safe handling.

Typical applications span chemical, petroleum, agricultural, and food-grade liquids, as well as liquefied gases for industrial uses. The term encompasses both specialized rail tank cars and road tankers tailored to their specific cargo requirements.