capacitiv

Capacitiv is a term commonly used to denote relating to capacitance, the electric property of a system that allows it to store charge in an electric field. In standard English, the derived adjective is capacitive or capacitance as a noun; capacitiv may appear in some texts as a nonstandard variant or in languages that use a cognate form.

The capacitance of an ideal parallel-plate capacitor is C = ε0 εr A / d, where ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, εr the dielectric constant of the material between the plates, A the plate area and d the separation. In a circuit, a capacitor stores energy E = 1/2 C V^2. In alternating current, the capacitor presents a reactance Xc = 1 / (2π f C); the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees.

Capacitive components are used for filtering, coupling and decoupling signals, energy storage, timing, and sensing. Capacitive sensors detect changes in capacitance caused by proximity, humidity or dielectric materials; capacitive touchscreens and buttons are common examples.

Nonidealities include leakage current, equivalent series resistance (ESR), dielectric absorption, voltage rating limits and temperature dependence of C. Capacitors vary in construction and material, such as ceramic, electrolytic, film, and tantalum types, each with tradeoffs in size, stability and voltage rating.

Measurement of capacitance is performed with LCR meters or impedance analyzers. In circuit design, engineers account for tolerance, voltage coefficients and aging to ensure reliable operation across operating conditions. While capacitiv is sometimes used as a variant form, capacitive remains the standard term in most technical contexts.

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