calprotectiini

Calprotectin is a protein complex found in the cytoplasm of granulocytes and monocytes. It is composed of two subunits, S100A8 and S100A9, which are calcium-binding proteins. Calprotectin is released in response to inflammatory stimuli and plays a significant role in the innate immune system. Its functions include antimicrobial activity, modulation of inflammatory responses, and induction of apoptosis in target cells. Calprotectin is particularly abundant in neutrophils, making it a useful biomarker for inflammation.

In clinical settings, the measurement of calprotectin in biological fluids, most commonly stool, has become a valuable diagnostic tool. Elevated levels of fecal calprotectin are indicative of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. This makes it a highly sensitive marker for differentiating between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and non-inflammatory conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is also used to monitor disease activity and response to treatment in patients with IBD. Beyond the gut, calprotectin can be measured in serum, urine, and other bodily fluids to assess inflammation in various systemic conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and infections. Its stability and ease of measurement contribute to its widespread use in both research and clinical practice.