cDC1s

cDC1s, also known as conventional type 1 dendritic cells, are a critical subset of dendritic cells within the immune system. They are distinguished by their potent ability to initiate and shape adaptive immune responses, particularly those mediated by T helper 1 (Th1) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Their primary role involves the capture and processing of antigens, which they then present on their surface in association with MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. This presentation is crucial for priming naive T cells.

A hallmark of cDC1s is their strong capacity to cross-present exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules. This process allows them to stimulate CD8+ T cells against antigens that originate from outside the cell, such as those from viruses or tumor cells. This cross-presentation function is vital for generating effective anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. cDC1s are also adept at producing cytokines, notably interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which further promotes Th1 differentiation and enhances cellular immunity.

These dendritic cells are strategically located in various tissues, including the skin, mucosal surfaces, and lymphoid organs, where they can efficiently survey for pathogens and foreign substances. Their development and function are tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors and signaling pathways, ensuring appropriate immune activation while maintaining tolerance to self-antigens. Disruptions in cDC1 function have been implicated in various immune-related disorders, highlighting their importance in maintaining immune homeostasis.