butanediolit

Butanediol, also known as 1,4-butanediol (BDO), is a colorless, hygroscopic, and slightly viscous liquid with a mild odor. It is a four-carbon diol with the chemical formula C4H10O2 and features two hydroxyl groups attached to a linear butane backbone. Butanediol exists in two stable stereoisomeric forms: the more common 1,4-butanediol and the less prevalent 2,3-butanediol.

Butanediol is primarily produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid derivatives or via microbial fermentation processes. It serves as a versatile industrial chemical used predominantly as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, elastic fibers, and polyurethanes. Its solvent properties make it suitable for use in adhesives, coatings, and cleaning agents.

In addition, butanediol is a key precursor in the synthesis of tetrahydrofuran (THF), a widely used solvent in polymer production and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is also used in the production of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which has applications as an industrial solvent and precursor to other chemicals.

Due to its psychoactive properties, 1,4-butanediol has also gained attention for its use as a recreational drug, often associated with euphoria and sedation. Its abuse potential has led to regulatory control in various countries.

Handling butanediol requires proper safety precautions because it is flammable, can cause skin and eye irritation, and has toxic effects when ingested or inhaled in large quantities. Overall, butanediol remains a significant industrial chemical with multiple applications, balanced by considerations regarding safety and regulation.