bumpiness
Bumpiness is the quality of a surface or landscape that is not smooth, characterized by the presence of small protrusions, indentations, or irregularities. It can refer to tangible textures on materials, or to the roughness of terrain felt by people or vehicles. Bumpiness is scale-dependent, ranging from microscopic surface roughness on engineered parts to macroscopic undulations in ground or road surfaces.
In materials science and engineering, bumpiness is often described using quantitative roughness metrics such as the
In geography and geoscience, bumpiness refers to the irregularity of the terrain, which can affect drainage,
In transportation and everyday experience, bumpiness shapes ride quality and vehicle dynamics. A bumpy road causes
Measurement methods vary by domain but share common goals: to quantify irregularities, compare surfaces or routes,