bufferzones

Buffer zones are areas that separate incompatible land uses, hazards, or jurisdictions to reduce risk, limit conflict, or protect resources. They can be created by law, treaty, or occur naturally as rivers or ridges, and their size and permitted activities vary with purpose and context.

In environmental management, buffers surround waterways, wetlands, or habitats to filter pollutants, stabilize soils, and provide wildlife cover. Riparian and vegetated buffers are common, as are agricultural buffers that shield streams from runoff.

In urban planning, buffers may be setbacks or green belts between residential areas and roads, industry, or rail lines to reduce noise, pollution, and risk. They also serve to preserve aesthetic value and provide space for recreation.

In security and international relations, buffer zones or demilitarized zones separate adversaries or territories to lower the chance of confrontation. The Korean DMZ is a notable example; similar zones appear in various treaties and peacekeeping arrangements.

In safety and critical infrastructure, buffer zones establish standoff distances around hazardous facilities, airports, and energy installations to protect the public and permit emergency access.

Design considerations include width, land-use rules, vegetation, access, and maintenance. Effectiveness depends on compliance and enforcement; inappropriate or poorly managed buffers can hamper development or simply displace conflicts.

See also: demilitarized zone, setback, environmental buffer, green belt.