brugprotein

Brugprotein is a term used to describe engineered proteins whose primary function is to physically bridge two biomolecules. In practice, a brugprotein typically brings a target molecule into proximity with an effector, such as a receptor, enzyme, or cell, to modulate interaction, localization, or activity.

The architecture of a brugprotein is usually modular. It commonly consists of two or more binding domains connected by a linker. Each domain is selected for its ability to bind one of the partners, using sources such as antibody fragments, nanobodies, DARPins, affimers, or natural protein domains. The linker length and flexibility influence the relative orientation, binding strength, and overall functionality of the construct.

Mechanistically, brugproteins function by simultaneous engagement of both binding partners. This dual binding can increase local concentration, stabilize transient interactions, or alter signaling pathways. In cell biology and biotechnology, brugproteins are explored as tools for targeted delivery, localization control, and the study of protein–protein interactions. In therapeutics, they are related to adaptor proteins and bispecific constructs that recruit a therapeutic actor (for example, a cytotoxic cell or an enzyme) to a disease-associated target.

Applications and challenges vary by context. Potential uses include targeted therapy, diagnostic tools, and research reagents for redirecting cellular processes. Key challenges include ensuring specificity and affinity balance, minimizing immunogenicity, achieving manufacturability and stability, and addressing safety concerns in clinical settings.

Related concepts include bispecific antibodies, adaptor proteins, and modular protein engineering. The term brugprotein is not universally standardized, and definitions may vary across languages and disciplines.