bronkiekteaasia

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by permanent enlargement of a portion of the airways. These damaged airways become widened, thick, and scarred, losing their ability to clear mucus effectively. This leads to a buildup of mucus, which can become infected, causing recurrent respiratory infections.

The causes of bronchiectasis are varied and can include severe or repeated lung infections such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis, immune system deficiencies, or conditions that block the airways like tumors or foreign objects. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown.

Symptoms of bronchiectasis can range from mild to severe and often worsen over time. Common signs include a persistent cough that produces large amounts of mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, and frequent lung infections. Chest pain and coughing up blood can also occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests like a chest X-ray or CT scan, which can visualize the enlarged airways. Lung function tests may also be performed.

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing infections, and improving quality of life. This often includes airway clearance techniques to help remove mucus, antibiotics to treat infections, and sometimes bronchodilators to open the airways. In severe cases, surgery may be considered. There is no cure for bronchiectasis, but management can significantly reduce complications and improve lung function.