bradycardiában

Bradycardia is a medical term referring to a heart rate that is slower than normal. For adults, a normal resting heart rate is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia is generally defined as a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute in adults. In children and infants, the definition of bradycardia is different and depends on their age and size, as their normal heart rates are naturally higher.

There are several potential causes of bradycardia. It can be a normal physiological adaptation in some individuals, such as well-trained athletes, whose hearts become more efficient and require fewer beats to circulate blood. However, it can also be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. These can include heart problems like heart block or damage from a heart attack, as well as issues with the thyroid gland, electrolyte imbalances, or certain infections. Some medications, particularly those used to treat high blood pressure or heart rhythm disorders, can also cause a slower heart rate.

The symptoms of bradycardia can vary depending on the severity and the individual. Some people with bradycardia may experience no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they can include dizziness, fainting (syncope), fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In severe cases, a very slow heart rate can lead to inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis of bradycardia usually involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to measure the heart's electrical activity and heart rate. Other tests may be done to identify the underlying cause. Treatment for bradycardia depends on its cause and whether it is producing symptoms. If bradycardia is asymptomatic and not causing any problems, no treatment may be necessary. If it is symptomatic or caused by a treatable condition, treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, adjusting medications, or in some cases, the implantation of a pacemaker to help regulate the heart rate.