bränsselement

A bränsselement, often translated as fuel cell, is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (like hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (like oxygen) into electricity through a chemical reaction. Unlike batteries, which store a finite amount of energy, fuel cells produce electricity as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied. The process typically involves a catalyst that facilitates the reaction, separating the fuel into ions and electrons. The ions pass through an electrolyte, while the electrons are channeled through an external circuit, generating an electric current.

The primary byproduct of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is water, making them a potentially clean energy technology. Various types of fuel cells exist, differentiated by their electrolyte and operating temperature, such as proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). Each type has specific applications and advantages. PEM fuel cells are often used in vehicles and portable power due to their low operating temperature and high power density. SOFCs, operating at high temperatures, are suitable for stationary power generation and industrial applications. Fuel cells are considered a promising technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency in various sectors, including transportation, power generation, and portable electronics.