bottledwater

Bottled water is water packaged for retail sale for human consumption. It includes still and carbonated varieties and is sold in containers from small bottles to large jugs. Common classifications are natural mineral water, spring water, purified water, and flavored waters. Mineral water contains a defined mineral content; spring water comes from an underground source that flows to the surface; purified water has been treated to remove impurities, often by filtration, distillation, or reverse osmosis. Some products are carbonated, either naturally or by adding carbon dioxide.

Regulation and safety: Bottled water is regulated differently by country. In the United States, the FDA treats bottled water as a packaged food, while tap water is regulated by the EPA. In the European Union, mineral and spring waters have specific definitions and labeling rules, and purified water is recognized as well. Labeling typically notes the source, treatment, whether it is still or sparkling, and may state mineral content.

Production and packaging: Water is sourced from protected wells or springs, then treated to meet quality standards before bottling. Treatments include filtration and disinfection; minerals may be added in some products. Bottles are mainly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with glass used for some brands. Packaging contributes to plastic waste, so many programs promote recycling, recycled content, or refillable options.

Market and impact: Bottled water is a global commodity driven by convenience, safety perceptions, and taste. It competes with tap water and home filtration. Growing awareness of environmental issues has increased attention to plastics, recycling, and sustainability initiatives by manufacturers and regulators.