bosonsforcecarrying
In this article, the term bosonsforcecarrying denotes force-carrying bosons. They are quantum particles that mediate interactions between other particles. In the Standard Model of particle physics, these particles are known as gauge bosons and include the carriers of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces. They arise from the requirement of local gauge symmetry in quantum field theories and determine the range and strength of the corresponding forces.
Examples include the photon, which mediates electromagnetism and is massless; the gluon, which mediates the strong
Properties of force-carrying bosons typically include integer spin (bosons) and, for gauge bosons, a coupling to
Experimentally, photons, gluons, and W/Z bosons have been observed and studied extensively in collider and non-collider
Beyond the Standard Model, theorists explore additional gauge bosons that would carry new forces, such as hypothetical