borneol

Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol with the chemical formula C10H18O. It exists as enantiomeric pairs, namely (+)-borneol and (-)-borneol, both found in nature and used as reference materials in chiral synthesis. The compound occurs in essential oils, most notably in camphor oil derived from camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora and related species). It contributes a characteristic pine-like, camphoraceous aroma.

In chemistry and industry, borneol is often discussed in relation to camphor. Reduction of camphor yields borneol, and oxidation of borneol regenerates camphor, illustrating their interconversion. Borneol can be converted to bornyl acetate by acetylation, a common intermediate in fragrance and flavor chemistry. The alcohol can also serve as a starting material for the synthesis of other camphoroid compounds and chiral ligands.

Uses: In addition to its role as a scent and flavor component, borneol is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a chiral building block for pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. In traditional medicine, borneol-containing preparations have been used in some cultures, though evidence of efficacy varies.

Properties: Borneol is a colorless crystalline solid with a camphor-like odor. It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. It occurs as two enantiomers, which may be isolated and analyzed by chiral methods.

Safety: Borneol should be handled with care; high concentrations can irritate skin and mucous membranes, and ingestion or inhalation of large amounts can be harmful. It is used in regulated amounts in cosmetics and flavor applications.