bongos

Bongos are a pair of small, open-bottom drums mounted together on a shared frame. They consist of two individual drums of different sizes—the larger drum, sometimes called the hembra (female), and the smaller, the macho (male)—though terminology varies. Shells are typically hardwood, and the heads are made from animal skin or synthetic material. The drums are tuned by adjusting head tension with lugs, ropes, or a built-in tensioning system.

Originating in Cuba in the late 19th and early 20th centuries within Afro-Cuban communities, bongos became a key element of son and rumba and later found a central role in Latin music such as salsa and Latin jazz. They are often played in ensembles and can also be used in drum kits as auxiliary percussion.

Playing technique: Bongos are played with the hands rather than sticks. The smaller drum produces higher pitches and the larger drum lower pitches. Common strokes include open tones, slaps, and muted tones created by contacting the skin near the rim or center. Drummers often sit with the bongos resting on the knees or on a stand, allowing quick, rapid rhythms and responsive accents.

Construction and care: Modern bongos often use synthetic heads for durability and climate stability, while traditional sets use calfskin or goatskin. Proper tuning and humidity control help maintain tone. Maintenance also includes occasional reheaded or reglueing and secure mounting to avoid movement during performance.