Symptoms of blepharitis often include redness, swelling, and itching of the eyelids, as well as a gritty or burning sensation in the eyes. Patients may also experience excessive tearing, crusting of the eyelids—particularly upon waking—and a sensation of having a foreign body in the eye. In some cases, blepharitis can lead to more severe complications, such as styes, chalazions, or even corneal damage if left untreated.
The exact cause of blepharitis is not always clear, but several factors are commonly associated with its development. These include bacterial infections, such as those caused by *Staphylococcus aureus*, skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea, allergies, and poor eyelid hygiene. Additionally, factors such as dry eye syndrome, aging, and certain systemic conditions may contribute to the condition’s onset or persistence.
Diagnosis of blepharitis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, during which an ophthalmologist or optometrist will inspect the eyelids for signs of inflammation, crusting, and glandular abnormalities. In some cases, a slit-lamp examination may be performed to assess the health of the cornea and tear film.
Treatment for blepharitis focuses on managing symptoms and reducing inflammation. Proper eyelid hygiene, including gentle cleansing with warm compresses and mild soap, is essential. Prescription or over-the-counter antibiotics, such as erythromycin or bacitracin ointments, may be recommended if a bacterial infection is present. For posterior blepharitis, treatments may include meibomian gland expression, omega-3 supplements, or prescription medications to improve oil gland function. In more severe cases, steroid eye drops or oral medications may be considered under medical supervision. Maintaining consistent hygiene and follow-up care is crucial for managing blepharitis effectively.