biofertilisering

Biofertilisation is the practice of using living microorganisms or their by-products to improve nutrient availability for plants, contributing to sustainable crop production. It aims to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers by enhancing soil fertility and plant nutrient uptake.

Key mechanisms include nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in legumes; phosphate solubilisation and mineralisation by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; and enhanced nutrient absorption through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Some inoculants also stimulate plant growth by producing hormones or by improving soil structure, and can contribute to disease suppression in some cases.

Applications center on microbial inoculants added to seeds, seedlings, or soil, often in the form of seed coatings or soil amendments. The effectiveness of biofertilisation depends on crop species, soil properties, climate, management practices, and compatibility with native microbial communities. Inoculants may work best in low-fertility soils or where microbial activity is limited, while benefits can vary or diminish over time in other conditions.

Biofertilisation is commonly used as part of integrated nutrient management and sustainable agriculture. Potential benefits include reduced chemical fertilizer use, lower production costs, and decreased environmental impacts such as nutrient leaching and energy consumption. Limitations include variability in field performance, regulatory considerations, quality control of products, and the need for proper storage, handling, and application to achieve desired results.